#WeRemember : Bildung als wichtigste „Waffe“ gegen Antisemitismus

Gedanken einer Polizeiseelsorgerin

Grußwort zum Internationalen Tag des Holocaust-Gedenken, Israelitische Kultursgemeinde Bamberg

Das folgende Grußwort habe ich im Rahmen der Gedenkveranstaltung anlässlich des Internationalen Tages des Gedenkens an die Opfer des Holocausts in der Israelitischen Kultusgemeinde Bamberg gesprochen. Es sind persönliche Perspektiven, einer Polizeiseelsorgerin, die nicht nur das Gedenken, sondern auch die Tätigkeit angesichts schwieriger gesellschaftspolitischer Entwicklungen in den Mittelpunkt stellt:

(Es gilt das gesprochene Wort)

Die Zeit vergeht wie im Flug. Vor drei Jahren saß ich im Flugzeug und sah gespannt aus dem Fenster während meine alte Heimat New York immer kleiner wurde und schließlich unter den Wolken verschwand. Unendlich viele Gedanken gingen mir durch den Kopf während ich eine Stadt und ein Land hinter mich ließ, das fast sieben Jahre meine Heimat war.

Besonders schmerzhaft war es, meine jüdische Freundin Pam, ihre so wunderbar engagierte jüdische Tafel und ihre Synagoge, die mir eine geistliche Heimat geworden war, zurücklassen zu müssen.

Tröstlich für uns beide war der Grund meines Rückzuges nach Deutschland – ein Auftrag, zu dem ich berufen worden war: im größten bundespolizeilichen Aus- und Fortbildungszentrum als Seelsorgerin die nächsten Generationen von Polizeimeisteranwärterinnen und -anwärterinnen nicht nur zu begleiten, sondern sie innerhalb des Faches Berufsethik zu wappnen, um gegen Antisemitismus, Rassismus und jegliche Form des Extremismus vorzugehen und als Hüterinnen und Hüter unser Grundgesetz gegen jedweder Angriffe tätig zu schützen.

Es waren Tränen der Trauer, aber auch der Zuversicht, die damals flossen, denn wir beide wussten aufgrund der Geschehnisse in USA, wie notwendig dies war. Dort hatten wir gemeinsam die sehr diskutable Trump-Administration durchlebt, gingen gemeinsam zu hunderttausenden aufgrund eines antisemitischen Anschlages in New Jersey auf die Straßen und setzten Zeichen gegen diese schlimme, mörderische Irrlehre, die unverhohlen in einer der ältesten Demokratien zu Tage trat, durch Wort und Tat. Damals war ich froh und dankbar, dass dies in Deutschland nicht so war. Doch um dem vorzuschützen drang ich zu einer Rückkehr, um im Herzen der Demokratie die zu wappnen, die für sie im Extremfall einzustehen hätten: Polizistinnen und Polizisten in der Bundespolizei.

Aber die Zeit vergeht wie im Flug. Drei Jahre sind so schnell ins Land gegangen und was ich vorher als Prävention betrachtete, die eine weit weg stehende, vielleicht sogar in Deutschland eher unwahrscheinliche Variante von besorgniserregenden Geschehnissen betrachtete, trat nun sichtbar in unserem Land die Öffentlichkeit:

mit der Enthüllung einer Zusammenkunft rechter Kräfte in der Villa Adlon am Lehnitzsee in Potsdam am 25. November 2023 wurde bittere Realität, was ich befürchtet hatte und daher mit Bildung dagegen vorgehen wollte.

Während ich den Berichterstattungen lauschte, wurde Anklänge an die lang vergangene Geschehnisse umgehend vor meinem inneren Auge wach. Vielleicht ging es Ihnen ja genau so wie mir?

Damals, am 20. Januar 1942, waren hochrangige Vertreter des NS-Regimes zu einer Besprechung in einer Villa in Berlin-Wannsee zusammengekommen, die als Wannsee-Konferenz in die Geschichte einging, um ihren mörderischen Plan zu vereinbaren, auszuarbeiten und schließlich umzusetzen.

Aus meiner Sicht ein wahrer Alptraum.

Die Analogien haben viele aufgeschreckt und zu Demonstrationen auf die Straßen Deutschlands gegen das menschenverachtende Gedankengut gesandt. Ich bin dankbar um diese wichtigen Zeichen der Demokratie – denn mit dem Grundgesetz ist das Demonstrationsrecht in Art. 8 GG gesichert. Ich kenne eine Reihe von Pfarrkolleginnen und -kollegen, die das erste Mal dieses Recht in Anspruch nahmen und an einer der Demonstrationen gegen rechts teilnahmen. Auch ich war selbstverständlich Teil dieser Zeichensetzung, so wie ich es in meiner New Yorker Zeit gegen Antisemitismus, Rassismus und andere Formen des Hasses war. Noch gut erinnere ich mich an eine Demonstration, wo wir zu hunderttausenden über die Brooklyn Bridge marschierten, um gegen den unverhohlenen Antisemitismus, der in der Amerikanischen Gesellschaft zu Tage getreten war, mit meiner Partnerorganisation American Jewish Committee ein unübersehbares Zeichen zu setzen: wir sind viele und eine Mauer gegen Hass! Was damals so war, erlebte ich nun hier in Bamberg ebenso.

Dennoch bin ich als Pädagogin, Ethikerin und Pfarrerin der Meinung, dass es mehr bedarf als Zeichen der Solidarität. Bildung ist die wichtigste Waffe, die wir haben, um die gegenwärtigen und kommenden Generationen zu stärken und für unseren Kampf um Demokratie, Menschenrechte und ein Grundgesetz, das alle schützt, zu gewinnen.

Nie wieder darf geschehen, was im damaligen mörderischen NS-Regime geschah. Über 6 Millionen Menschen wurden brutal ermordet. Aber auch dies ist nicht nur das dunkelste Kapitel unserer Menschheitsgeschichte, sondern es wird seit dem 7. Oktober weitergeschrieben!

Nie wieder darf geschehen, was am 7. Oktober durch den brutalen Überfall der Hamas und deren Morden geschehen ist. Ich habe keine Worte für diese Geschehnisse – aber für mich sind sie eine Fortsetzung des Holocaust und zwar auf dem Boden des Heiligen Landes, das eigentlich ein Schutzort und eine sichere Heimat für Jüdinnen und Juden sein soll.

Die evangelische Seelsorge in der Bundespolizei steht mit ihren Seelsorgerinnen und Seelsorgerinnen im gesamten Bundesgebiet und wir als Bundespolizeiaus- und -fortbildungszentrum vor Ort hier in Bamberg dafür ein,

dass Menschenhass mit keinem Wimpernschlag, keiner Geste geduldet wird,

dass Mord und Qual aufgrund von Religion, Abstammung und Nationalität keinen Ort in unserem Land hat,

dass unser Grundgesetz, das zum Mittelpunkt die Menschenwürde hat, geschützt und als für alle gleichermaßen gültig umgesetzt wird.

Dies habe ich nicht nur damals als ich New York verließ, meiner jüdischen Freundin versprochen, sondern dem bin ich als deutsche Staatsbürgerin zutiefst verpflichtet. Wir stehen mit Israel und verurteilen jegliche Form des Antisemitismus, Rassismus und Extremismus. Unsere Hauptwaffe hierbei ist Bildung, die jeder angehende Polizist und Polizistin erhält.

Lassen Sie uns daher zusammenstehen – Zeichen der Solidarität und der aktiven Geschwisterlichkeit nicht nur punktuell setzen, sondern es durch unser Leben und Handeln weben.

Am Israel Chai.

Vielen Dank für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit. 

Pfarrerin Miriam Groß, IKG Bamberg, 28.1.2024
(Bild: Patrick Nitzsche, Antisemitismusbeauftragter der Stadt Bamberg)

My dear Jewish friend 16: delivering a promise bit by bit – combating Antisemitism and racism through education

Tears ran down my cheeks. Hot and angry tears. It felt as if their trail was burning my skin. I remember well, when I had to break the news to you that I would be leaving the U.S. and returning to Germany. Our friendship was one of the most precious gifts I had been gifted with during our time in New York. Under your leadership we fed the hungry through the pantry of your synagogue and stilled the hunger of those, who had been hit hardest during the economic effects of the pandemic. It was on this day, that I promised to you that within my next call I would commit myself to fight Antisemitism and racism. I would infuse this commitment into the German Federal Police through education. Only a few months later, I started teaching young Police Cadets infusing the strong sense of commitment for Human rights, dignity and our German constitution, which was born as a democratic law out of the pain and death of millions.

Two years later, as I listened to the words of Dr. Borys Zabarko, my hand discreetly stroke my cheek down the same path the tears had taken over two years ago reminding me of the promise I had made to you. The auditorium was filled with 250 members of the German Federal Police. As Dr. Zabarko spoke about his experiences during the Holocaust, you could’ve heard a needle, if it would’ve dropped.

Dr. Zabarko had escaped the ghetto of Sharhorod as a child. After the Second World War he studied at the Chernivtsi University, and commenced his PhD at the Institute for History at the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in Kiev, where he received a PhD in 1971. He dedicated his whole career to combating Antisemitism and researching on the disaster of the Holocaust. The number of books he has written is impressive and he is at the forefront of research of the Holocaust in the Ukraine, gifting generations with his knowledge and commitment to combat this terrible heresy, which has cost millions of people their lives and has brought suffering over generations.

It was a twist of historical irony that he as a Ukrainian Jew was standing in front of a German audience, speaking about the horrible things which had happened through Nazi-Germany and its executive authorities. Now he had to flee his own country finding refuge where the perpetrators and terrible deadly heresy of Antisemitism had once installed a brutal system of death and catastrophe.

As he talked about the deadly role the police during the Nazi dictatorship had played, I held my breath and tried to swallow away the tears – the same hot tears of grief I had felt back then when I broke the news to you. Dr. Zabarko spoke about the massacre of Babyn Yar as the site of the largest massacre carried out by Nazi Germany’s forces during its campaign against the Soviet Union in World War II. It took place 29–30 September 1941, killing some 33,771 Jews in an industrial manner. He spoke about how the massacre was commenced with a mass ditch, in which line by line the victims fell through the hand of Sonderkommando 4a of Einsatzgruppe C, consisting of SD (Sicherheitsdienst) and SiPo (Sicherheitspolizei) men, the third company of the Special Duties Waffen-SS battalion, and a platoon of the No. 9 police battalion. As you can guess, a large number of these men had been police officers. While I glanced over the large number of listening police members and looked at the dark blue of my own police uniform, it felt as though not only the skin of my cheeks was set on fire. An important fire I hope others in the audience felt as well.

I am utmost blessed that the Leading Police Director understands my vision and calling. We share the same goal as we try to strengthen our democracy, standing up for human rights and combating Antisemitism, racism and any kind of exclusion through education and leading by example. There are so many obstacles in our way as we try to infuse these goals into the educational system of executive authority. Sometimes I am at the brink of giving up and the sacrifice of being ripped away from the comfort of our friendship seems to high of a cost as loneliness sometimes clouds my soul – but the shared goal of education within the German Federal Police and the promise I once made to you keep me going.

And I must admit: this remarkable day with Dr. Zabarko was in my eyes a living expression of the vision we are pursuing. It even found its outward expression as he signed the Golden Book of the City of Bamberg while Holocaust survivors, civil servants, politicians, and police officers were present.

I wish, you could’ve been here and experienced it first hand. I am delivering my promise to you bit by bit – with every new cadet being committed to combat Antisemitism, racism and other forms of hate. May it be a consolation across the miles as we are far apart, but united in heart and mind.

My dear Jewish friend 15: As German Federal Police #WeRemember

I held my breath as the young police cadet started reading the names of places that once have been places of horror and death.

Auschwitz

Buchenwald

Dachau

It was Holocaust Remembrance Day. This year January 27 was a cold, crisp day with old snow and icy edges giving roads and sidewalks a rough appearance. As I made a small remark about the weather, the Rebbetzin, who stood next to me, looked at me and nodded: „I’ve heard that the weather on the day of the liberation of Auschwitz must have been the same.“ A cold shiver ran like a lighting down my spine and made me shiver even more.

(All Pictures: Bundespolizei / Stabstelle Öffentlichkeitsarbeit / AFZ Bamberg)

Flossenbürg

Groß-Rosen

Hinzert

To commemorate the liberation and commemorate the victims of the Holocaust, we had organised a ceremony at the Training Facility of the Federal Police in Bamberg. As its chaplain it was important to me. Not only am I a German citizen, but a clergy working for the Federal Police. Both, police and churches have been hurtfully complicit during the Nazi regime. My commitment is therefore even more urgent and our friendship has sealed my personal responsibility in ways I can’t describe.

Majdanek

Mauthausen

Mittelbau

Nine classes of police cadets with their teachers plus the leadership had gathered in neatly arranged rows. Over one hundred and fifty people in total filled the large space, which once was called „The Change of Command“ when the facility was an U.S. military base. Rabbi Dr. Yael Deusel, Rabbi Dr. Almekias-Siegel with Rebbetzin, and Mr. Rudolph, the chair of the Synagoge in Bamberg had followed my invitation to the commemoration ceremony. I was thankful that they joined us during this important remembrance to read a prayer. Many of my police cadets never have personally met Jews – and certainly haven’t had the honour to meet Rabbis.

Natzweiler-Struthof

Neuengamme

Riga-Kaiserwald

The grounds on which we stood on January 27 couldn’t have been more ambivalent and made a commemoration even more important. The land was used for military reasons for a long time. First built as the „Lagarde Kaserne“ for the Royal Bavarian Army as an infantry barracks, it was extensively used during World War I and World War II. It is said that almost every branch of the German Army was stationed here. The most elite group was the 35th Armor and the 17th Cavalry Regiments, which was composed of noblemen who were wealthy and had their own riding school. Claus von Stauffenberg was its most prominent member. He was known for an unsuccessful plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler. When both Rabbis presented their prayers I was filled with deep thankfulness. Hitlers evil plans hadn’t worked out – even if he did use this stretch of land decades ago, it is now under the leadership of Leading Police Director Thomas Lehmann used to educate generations of police cadets to uphold democracy and human rights.

Sachsenhausen

Stutthof

Plaszow

As Leading Police Officer Thomas Lehmann lead the Rabbis to the flag masts, we were supported by rows of police cadets and their leadership. While making our way to the masts, it felt as if they were forming a protective back up for those, who were grieving in remembrance. It might have been the same cold day in 1945 and 2023, but what happened back then, will never happen again. I can assure you, that many together with me will give their very best. May the memories of the victims never be forgotten, but for a blessing as we train young police cadets to protect and serve democracy.

My dear Jewish friend 12: hygiene, human dignity and daily reminders

My hand softly touched the thick glass of the exhibition. I swallowed deeply as a huge knot of grief and anger formed in my stomach. No, it couldn’t be … but deep in my heart I knew it had happened. The small safety razor and its blades in the small glass cabinet looked so innocent and ordinary. Nonetheless, it was a silent witness of crimes unimaginable and executed on innocent people. What had started as a trip with my police cadets to the memorial of the concentration camp of Flossenbürg, took an unforeseen personal turn that would from then onwards be a constant reminder in my daily routine.

Just a few weeks ago I had bought a safety razor. One of these „old style“ ones, where you could detach the double-edged blade while the rest would be reused. I wanted to preserve the environment and thought to myself: Why not first start with my daily routines? Small actions that cumulate make a big difference.

On that wintery October day it hit me directly into my face as I saw a double-edged razor with separate blades that almost looked identical to the one laying in my bath room. I couldn’t take my eyes of this device of daily hygiene, which once according to the description belonged an prisoner of the concentration camp Flossenbürg. It was taken away as an action of discrimination. Hygiene was not allowed in these death camps. What is natural to us – a nice shaved beard, neatly cut hair, hygiene of other body parts – was taken away from prisoners as an instrument of oppression and terror.

Hair is such an essential part of our human dignity. A part of our personal expression of self. The Nazi terror went further. It not only took away double-edged razors, which ensured a personal self-administered hygiene, like the one exhibited in Flossenbürg, but brutally stole human dignity by shaving the hair of every person entering with straight razors and replacing names by numbers. Those ensuring this terror were part of the „Schutzstaffel“, which in 1936 was united by Himmler with the police.

As I pointed my young police cadets to the small glass cabinet with the double-edged razor, they were equally astonished to see a hygienically product laying there, which is now very much in fashion. Many had bought one themselves to show that they would try to preserve the environment. Now it is an unforeseen reminder in their and my daily private routine. Every young police cadet, who is impacted by an encounter with the evil, murderous regime that took millions of innocent lives, is one ally more and a sign of hope in our broken world.

Reckoning with the Past

The meeting room filled quickly as members of the American Jewish Committee and Interfaith Partners gathered on the cold Sunday afternoon. Rabbi Noam Marans, AJC’s Director of Interreligious and Intergroup Relations, had summoned this meeting of the AJC Interreligious Affairs Commission on “Christian Responses to the Antisemitism Epidemic.”

As all attending made themselves comfortable, helping themselves to some refreshments and looking through the well prepared material supplied, the room buzzed with warm welcomes and kind introductions. As Rabbi Marans began the meeting, the buzzing group transformed into a quickly concentrating diverse group of Jewish and Interfaith friends, who had gathered to discuss the unsettling rise of Antisemitism and how Christians could respond to this terrible development.

The Rev. Dr. Lee Spitzer, General Secretary of the American Baptist Churches USA, and author of the book Baptists, Jews, and the Holocaust, spoke about the topic how is own denomination had dealt with Antisemitism and Holocaust through the centuries sharing the experience of persecution in Europe. He talked about the significance of friendship, sacrificial solidarity, and how important it was to learn from missed opportunities for future actions.

Reckoning with the past is a important task we need to actively embrace. As a German citizen I am entitled to say this, because my nation’s past has led to so much death and suffering. This should never ever happen again. As Antisemitism is on the rise, it is urgently time to account for these deadly actions of Nazi Germany and to fulfill our obligations arising from them for the whole world community. In my opinion, we Germans have the holy duty to warn others about the lessons we have learned through the broken history of Nazi Germany. Any kind of slight beginning, any historical analogy needs to be outlined and first steps towards such destruction quickly hindered.

As Rabbi Marans kindly invited me to share a small statement on how Christians may respond to the rise of Antisemitism, I took a leap of faith in those present as I spoke about the broken past of my nation, family, and fears for the presence and future. I am sharing it here in my blog laying my trust in you, dear reader, that we may become partners in remembrance and reconciliation.

Reckoning with the past is the hurtful and necessary step to lead into a just future without Antisemitism, Racism, and Hate. It deeply hurt me on that Sunday afternoon and I had to hold myself together as the words poured out of my heart:

It is a great honor for me to speak today. In full disclosure: I am a German. My grandfather served under Hitler in the Nazi navy. He was half Sinti. I still can´t understand, why he supported and glorified this murderous regime. I remember countless discussions as I challenged his idealization of the Nazi era, which he painted in glorious colors over family gatherings. As I held strong against his words, my reaction was met with anger and emotional coldness as you can well imagine.

It is my holy duty as a descendant of those, who committed crimes under Hitler, and as a Christian through the Gospel to warn about the dangers of right-winged thoughts and antisemitism. Reliving the nightmares of Germany passed is one of my greatest fears…

But this passed Wednesday, Feb 5, we all held our breath as analogies to the beginning of a destructive regime resurfaced in Thuringia, Germany.
Thomas Kemmerich was elected as the new prime minister of the free state of Thuringia. His own party FDP barely made it into the state parliament. Through the help of the rightist party AfD (Alternative für Deutschland) and Merkel´s CDU he surprisingly came into this high office. It was as if a breath of Weimar was taking its grip of Germany.

In 1932, Adolf Hitler and his murderous regime came to power through the help of Hindenburg and numerous parties taking down the Weimar Republic. We do not have 1932, but the analogies are frightening: A antidemocratic party is trying to take a grip of the free state of Thuringia, with Weimar at its center. Yesterday, the newly elected prime minister stepped down due to pressure from numerous parties, protestant churches and public protests.

We need swift and courageous actions, because Weimar can be everywhere! Back then, almost unnoticeable hate crawled into everyday life through phrases and small actions of exclusion. As people got used to the dose of hate as part of the daily grind, the intensity increased numbing the human capacity to empathy and solidarity.

“Weimar can be everywhere!” is a warning we need to take seriously. The Jewish Bible calls us to love our neighbor and self. For Christians this is a fundamental principle we are called to. Wherever there are tendencies of right-winged ideology, antisemitism or racism, we have to stand strong and boldly with those, who need our help.

To combat this kind of hate, education is one of the most important keys. As a pastor teaching at the German School I educate the next generation about the holocaust. You may ask my son later, who attends my class together with eight other students. Education is the best antidote we have.

In addition, vital friendships across faiths play a important role. As a small German speaking congregation in New York resembling the larger German Protestant Churches, we reach out to other faith communities and we are blessed to have AJC as an important partner.

“Weimar can be everywhere!” might be true, but as we are setting signs of peace as the beloved community God, we are hindering history to repeat itself.

Thank you for AJC for calling us as the beloved community together that we may be a glimpse of hope for those targeted by antisemitism, racism and hate, those on the margin of our society!